Toxic Shock Syndrome – Treatment and Prevention
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is an uncommon condition caused by infection with Staphylococcus bacteria, characterized by a distinctive skin rash resembling sunburn on the palms and soles of the feet. The condition, first recognized in the 1970s, is associated with the use of certain brands of highly absorbent tampons (now taken off the market). About 70 percent of cases occur in girls and women who were using tampons when symptoms begin. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration estimates that one out of every 100,000 menstruating girls and women develops toxic shock syndrome (TSS) each year.
About three percent of TSS cases are fatal. Since 1984 there have been 69 reports of death related to tampon use; all but three were caused by TSS. However, the risk of death from TSS is higher in cases not related to menstruation.
Toxic Shock Syndrome Symptoms
When related to menstruation, TSS symptoms may not begin until the first few days after a girl’s period and tend to appear quickly. In addition to the skin rash, symptoms include sudden high fever, vomiting and diarrhea, headache, muscular aches and pains, dizziness, and disorientation. Blood pressure may drop rapidly and shock may develop. The sunburn-like rash may not develop until the patient is very ill, or it may go completely unnoticed if it appears in a small area. The skin on palms and feet may flake and peel. Once a person has had TSS, she is more likely to get it again. Death usually occurs as a result of a prolonged drop in blood pressure or lung problems.