Antihistamines
A family of drugs used to treat allergic conditions, such as itching and hives. The drugs work by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical that is released during an allergic reaction. Examples of antihistamines include diphenhydramine, promethazine, terfenadine, and chlorpheniramine.
Without treatment, histamine dilates small blood vessels, causing redness and swelling; antihistamines block this effect, while preventing the irritation of nerve fibers that would otherwise cause itching. Antihistamines are the most effective treatment for hives.
Side Effects
Some antihistamines cause drowsiness and dizziness, but new versions (such as Claritin and Clarinex) do not reach the brain and thus do not cause these side effects. Other possible side effects common to most antihistamines include appetite loss, nausea, dry mouth, blurry vision, and urination problems.
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